New Zealand Film Industry Essay

Why did the New Zealand government offer Warner Brothers incentives to film â€Å"The Hobbit† in New Zealand? Analyse how this will affect the New Zealand film industry and New Zealand society. Warner Brothers, one of Hollywood’s most famous studios, was founded in 1923 by four actual brothers: Jack, Sam, Harry & Albert Warner. On April 4, 1923, with help from a loan given to Harry Warner by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. I believe that production of H0bbit movie is benefit for New Zealand economy and New Zealand Government provide that incentives to Warner Brothers. Warner Brothers is the front of any entertainment industry with its films to television, home entertainment/DVD, and inter-active creativity. New Zealand has a reputation of being in the Top Ten filming locations in the universe. Warner Brothers choose to make the film in New Zealand because they know that New Zealand infrastructure is pleasing and natural . New Zealand is an open economy and it is cost-effectively workable and attractive for large budget international productions. Firstly, it is important to know that what kind of advantage to New Zealand with the Hobbit movie. New Zealand has a both advantages comparative and absolute. Comparative advantage means â€Å"A situation in which a country, individual, company or region can produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than a competitor.† (Gans, King, Stonecash, & Mankiw, 2011) And Absolute advantage means â€Å"The ability of a country, individual, company or region to produce a good or service at a lower cost per unit than the cost at which any other entity produces that good or service.† According to new Law New Zealand have low labour cost means lower opportunity cost. And New Zealand has land, resources and pervious knowledge. For this two reason New Zealand have both advantages. Warner Brothers has reached a deal with the New Zealand government to keep The Hobbit in New Zealand. As part of the agreement, the government will â€Å"introduce in parliament legislation sought by Warner ’s that would clarify the employment status of film industry workers.† It is being presumed that the intended effect is to, â€Å"make unionization of the film industry more difficult or impossible. â€Å"Ever since Jackson’s LOTR trilogy put New Zealand on the map, so to speak, the country has benefited greatly from the rise in tourists. Indeed that has been factored into a â€Å"long-term strategic partnership† the country has struck with Warner Brothers which will see joint promotion of New Zealand as a film production and tourism destination. The incentives provided to Warner Brothers committed more New Zealand taxpayer money to the movies. (Cheng, 2010) As well as broadening the criteria for its large-budget incentive program – which will give WB an additionally rebate of up to US$15 million – the NZ government will also provide up to US$10 million for marketing costs. On top of the obvious benefit of keeping The Hobbit on home ground, New Zealand will also host one of the world premieres for one of the films. All this just goes to show just how important The Hobbit is for New Zealand. It has been said that the production will pump U.S. $200 million into NZ’s economy. (Cheng, 2010) It is important to know the reason as to why the incentives were offered to Warner Brothers. It is stated that â€Å"the Key Government thinks that this little country can and should afford to pay these subsidies to a giant foreign corporation.† (Roger, 2010) It was highly noticeable of the government when it cowardly agreed into Warner Brother’s demands for limited and striking subsidies saying they were worth it because New Zealand’s opportunity to grow in the economy was at stake as other countries waited in the line for ‘The Hobbit’ movie. The Government was under so much pressure from the other film businesses as rivalry was intense from the UK, USA, Canada, Australia and many more countries as they all wanted a movie like ‘The Hobbit’. That was the reason the incentive of changing labour laws was undertaken in such an urgency as the government did not want to further deviate expenditure of public money while having to fight back to match the massive tax breaks offered by other countries. Warner Brothers received tax subsidies of $100 million and â€Å"government agreed to give up to $34 million of tax breaks† (Cheng, 2010) through civility of New Zealand’s tax payers. More compromises were approaching as the Government eluded the standard democratic process to move forward with Parliament legislation that undermined the Employment Relations Act, and also benefited the international film company with $25 million. The government flaunted this as triumph for the film industry in New Zealand. The New Zealand government or national party is ideologically placed on the right wing of the spectrum. Right wing means In politics, right-wing describes an outlook or specific position that accepts or supports social hierarchy or social inequality. Social hierarchy and social inequality is viewed by those affiliated with the Right as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, whether it arises through traditional social differences or from competition in market economies. It typically accepts or justifies this position on the basis of natural law or tradition. Therefore favors free trade, globalization and open markets. They also want more FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) such as the Warner Brothers’ Hobbit investment. (rejuvenation) The NZ Film Industry will be affected both positively and negatively. â€Å"A 2008 report found that film and television industry injected $2.5 billion into NZ’s economy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (TVNZ-One news, 2010) The positive thing is that the more contractors get to keep their jobs; New Zealand has been able to build its flexible status again after the boycott scenario with The Hobbit. If the movie was not made in NZ then there would have been long term damage to the NZ Screen production sector and the economy. The negative consequence is that Film industry will be affected by the reductions in rights of NZ workers in Film Production as the Warner Brothers do not want to go through any cases regarding employment regulations after losing a case in the Supreme Court during their previous movie production. Warner Bros. has closed its office in New Zealand. The distribution office shut down at the end of May although Warner Bros. reaffirmed its commitment to business in New Zealand and, they said the work would be outsourced to a local company. The shutdown will raise questions in New Zealand because the Government changed employment law and provided tax breaks to get Warner Brothers to make The Hobbit there. For that The Prime Minister John Key said, â€Å"The Hobbit films have created 3000 jobs. They were crucial to New Zealand for our movie industry; it was a very positive step that the Government took. I’m not sure what has happened in Auckland, but I don’t imagine it’s many jobs.† Warner Bros. have had an office in New Zealand since 1947. (News, 2012) If the Hobbit was move from New Zealand than tourism is decrease and most of societies and their livelihood based on the jobs in tourism sectors are may be close and it’s affected very badly. One society in particular would have been drastically affected and that’s the people in Matamata near Waikato region. This would have been a major hindrance as after the Lord of the Rings movie, that place had been made world famous with its Hobbiton set. Although it’s been seven years since the release of The Lord of the Rings, Matamata and the society persist to bring in benefits after the production of The Lord of the Rings attracting more than 200 000 people each year. So by providing incentives to Warner Brothers government has saved the local societies from being drained out of tourism revenues. Changes to labour law were considered unacceptable and unfair law change. The New law was seen to create a default position, categorizing all film production workers as independent contractors. With my evidence now I know I have clear my doubts about what kinds of incentives are provided to the Warner Brothers. I am used the different sources and it’s quite helpful for increase my knowledge on globalization infusion on our economy, government role in economy, etc. I agree that there is an on-going debate with National party in the Parliament since the Green and Labour party continue to oppose the changes of the Employment laws that accommodate the foreign transnational companies’ demands which affect the tax payers either directly or indirectly in our country. The evidence have however raised a question for me and that is whether the NZ Government that poses a nation-state will be able to keep hold of its decision making powers or whether the power will be soon shifted in the hands of dominant international corporations. Bibliography TVNZ-One news. (2010, october 4). Retrieved from http://tvnz.co.nz/entertainment-news/australia-lobbying-hobbit-3816847/video : http://tvnz.co.nz/entertainment-news/australia-lobbying-hobbit-3816847/video Cheng, D. (2010, oct 27). Hobbit to stay in NZ. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10683486 Gans, J., King, S., Stonecash, R., & Mankiw, G. (2011). Interdependence and gains form trade. In Globalisation and Business Enterprise (pp. 266-267). Auckland: Custom for AUT University, Faculty of Business and Law. News, O. (2012, June 19). Warner Brothers shuts down NZ office. Retrieved from http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/warner-brothers-shuts-down-nz-office-4937753/video rejuvenation, M. (n.d.). Ideology – The New Zealand Legion. Retrieved from http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/the-new-zealand-legion/ideology Roger. (2010). Retrieved from Roger Award Winner. for the worst Transnational Corporation operating in Aotraroal?New Zealand : htt p://canterbury.cyberplace.org.nz/community/CAFCA/publications/Roger/Roger2

Th Truemilk Marketing Proposal

Marketing Plan Proposal TH True Milk Vietnamese Fresh and Clean Milk Team Members: Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang (Team Leader) – s3372812 Nguyen Thi Diep Anh – s3372841 Nguyen Vu Bich Ha – s3372918 Huynh Ngoc Khanh Linh – s3373099 Nguyen Thi Kim Trang – s3357621 Vo Thi Ngoc Tram – s3373108 Lecturer: Ms. Jis Kuruvilla TH Milk Joint Stock Company TH Milk Joint Stock Company was established in 2009 and this is the first company of TH Group that focuses on a closed process of fresh milk manufacturing meeting the international standard.In order to produce the best quality products for customers as well as to provide a professional working environment for local and international experts, the company has equipped most advanced management technology in their production process. Although TH Milk Joint Stock Company is a young domestic company and has only one main brand that is TH True Milk, the company is predicted to be a potential firm in order to compete with Vinamilk and to meet the rising demand of Vietnamese market in the near future.Additionally, following the main mission of TH Group that is providing fresh and natural products to consumers, TH Milk Joint Stock Company has applied cutting-edge fresh milk manufacturing techniques in its closed procedures from industrial dairy farm, automatic milking system to professional distribution system. Therefore, in recent years, company’s projects always receive positive supports from the governments and organizations such as Vietnamese government and North Asia Bank. These supports can be seen as a driving force for the company to develop its fresh, clean and friendly-environmentally products.As regards the production and distribution process, TH Farm and Factory which is the largest in the Asian region, was built in Nghe An province with the total expenditure of $1. 2 billion, this project is supported by North Asian Bank. Moreover, the milking system used by the TH farm is comp letely automatic and controlled by strict procedures. In 2012, TH group anticipates that their milk processing facility will reach a capacity of 500 million liters per year, satisfying 50% of domestic need for the fresh milk.Moreover, in an effort to bring the best convenient services to customer, TH Milk Joint Stock Company has two representative offices in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City and hundreds of TH True Mart where provides TH True Milk across Vietnam. TH Milk Joint Stock Company at the present only focus on clean, fresh, delicious and nutritious milk but in order to meet the demand of domestic customer of dairy products, in 2012 and 2013, the company will continue to introduce some fresh and natural dairy products such as yoghurt, ice cream, butter and chee se to their customers.TH True Milk – Product detail TH True Milk is carefully produced in a 100%-computerized management process followed international standard in every stage of provision, production to distribution system. TH fresh milk is supplied by 20000 cows imported from New Zealand; those cows always receive a professional care from skilled staff with nutritious diet, well-designed veterinary care, disease prevention and treatment.In order to meet the various preferences and groups of customer, the company has produced five main flavors including pure fresh milk, less sugar fresh milk, sweetened fresh milk, strawberry fresh milk an d pure fresh chocolate milk in both 110ml and 180 ml carton size. More importantly, with a purpose to preserve the freshness and goodness of products, the company has developed the TH True Mart to sell its products to customers directly. Vietnamese MarketBecause of the higher living standard, the nutritious demand of Vietnamese people has improved positively with a rise of 20-25% of customers’ demand for milk per year. Therefore, Vietnamese dairy market is becoming the most potential market in the region and more than 60 firms with about 300 brands is o perating in this industry. However, it is a fact that the amount of milk produced only meet 20 -25% of customers’ demand meaning that there is a shortage of milk production in domestic market.Realizing this situation, TH Milk Joint Stock Company with financial supports from North Asian Bank has no hesitation to invest in the most modern clean fresh milk production process in Vietnam and this is estimated to meet 50% of customers’ demand in 2017, after the project is completed. This can be seen as an accurate vision of the company and can bring better milk for Vietnamese people. Besides always following the major mission of TH group, this plan also suggests one-year marketing strategies for the company in domestic market. There are four main objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4.Introducing current products to the market to reach more customers Introducing a new kind of product to domestic market. Gaining 5% market share of dairy industry at the end of 2012 Creating a positive image f rom customers and building a strong basis to develop other company’s dairy products in the following years. Reference List 1. TH True Milk, Home, viewed 30 June 2012, 2. North Asian Bank, 2011, ‘Vietnamese dairy market and positive changes’, Vnexpress, 2011, viewed 30 June 2012 < http://vnexpress. net/gl/kinh-doanh/doanh-nghiep-viet/2011/12/thi-truongsua-viet-nam-va-nhung-thay-doi-tich-cuc/>.

A Routine Day Essay Sample

It’s bright and I can’t see much. I hear my small sister following close behind me. The same ritual everyday it has become a wont. it is like this modus operandi is etched into my tegument. I don’t believe about what I’m making and I what I’m traveling to make it’s like the musculuss have remembered. what I do exactly. â€Å"onee-chan. onee-chan† she says ah there it is that angel like voice its Wyrd but that voice is the lone thing I respond to these yearss. I turn about and at that place she is waiting for me to state something back. â€Å"yes kazuya-chan is at that place something you need? † I inquiry. She replies â€Å"No† I don’t understand why she calls me. I have some thoughts but all of them seem stupid. I didn’t even notice but I have started walking kazuya’s keeping my manus. Its quite loud this forenoon the autos are rushing through the busy roads of Tokyo with the brutality of Wolfs in the center of a Hunt and the grace of a swan. We reach kazuya’s school. â€Å"Ok kazuya here’s your tiffin and I will pick you up after school. Ok? † I say She rolls her eyes at me and says â€Å"I know onee-chan im non a small miss any longer I’m in Junior high. † I laugh. â€Å"I know you’re non a small miss any longer but i still worry about you and i ever will. † I hug her and so retrieve that it is her shuting graduation this afternoon. â€Å"actually i’ll be here early to watch you graduate your first twelvemonth of junior high. † I see a big smile appear on her face and she says â€Å"Thanks Onee-chan. † before running off to run into up with her friends. I linger around non desiring to go forth but i know Is have to and i start aimlessly traveling towards work. I stop I can hear a weak voice naming out my name. As one turn around Ayame my clumberson work spouse runs in to me. I get up express joying. â€Å"You truly necessitate to halt running in to me in the forenoon. it’s like you are making it on intent. †

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Advanced Entrepreneurship - Essay Example It is also aimed at providing the strategy of the company Triangle Solutions to get ideas implemented internally or at describing the reasons why a product idea should be spun off into a new subsidiary company owned by a business organisation. This paper finally describes most suitable ownership types for small businesses, like retail electronics, software developer, and advertising. Assignment 1: Triangle Solutions is one of the most reputated computer producing companies in the world. It is an American company, headquartered at New York. It sells different types of computers, from desktops to laptops and palmtops. These products have large national and international markets and the products have significant reputation in these markets. The industry and market size: In modern times the industry of computers are highly competitive as numerous companies are producing and manufacturing computer products. Desktops, laptops, palmtops, and mobile computers are highly demanding and the ind ustries for these products are experiencing rapid growth. This industry produces computers, computer related products like printers, home electronic and communication equipments. Triangle Solutions produce these products for commercial as well as military purposes. Triangle Solutions also sells disk drives, wireless telephones, consumer electronics for commercial purposes in the industry and â€Å"smart† bombs, electronic navigation equipment for military purposes. But recently the company has launched a new product, a mobile phone that has the features of both computers and phone, but has triple sim card facilities and has expandable memory and a super-specialty 6 mega-pixel camera. This product will attract the modern generation as well as it will facilitate professional mobile users. The market for this product is large, not only domestically, but also internationally. The company is expecting to acquire atleast 40% of the global market for mobile and computer products by the end of 2014 with the introduction of this new product. The company is expecting that the product will reduce the effort of mobile users to use Internet facilities on their mobile phones and also the facility provided by the product of Triangle Solutions in terms of using three different phone numbers in a single phone that has so many additional facilities will attract large number of mobile phone users across the world (Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing, n.d., pp. 53-54). Team requirements: To introduce the new product in the market the company has employed large and efficient team of people which are not only experts in developing the technologies and softwares which are needed for the making of this new product, but also the company employed best people for marketing and sales of the product. The company has also employed analytical team-members for the purpose of business analysis and market analysis of the new product. The team that has been employed for the pur pose of the business development of the product is highly experienced and they have put lot of effort in developing the market for the new product and also for increasing the market size of the product. The company has employed best engineers from all over the world from best engineering schools of the world to build up the new technology for the product and different trial uses of the new mobile phone has resulted in highly satisfactory comments from different consumers of that trial uses. The trial use strategy has been a remarkable marketing strategy that has been applied in selected shopping mall in New York. People have been allowed to use the product and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of using the product. This marketing

Journal entries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journal entries - Essay Example I felt good about myself after having given up my seat for the elderly lady. I felt happy and I saw the day for all the possibilities and opportunities it could give me. It was not my conscious choice to give my seat up for the elderly lady. When I saw her looking around for a seat, it was an immediate reflex on my part to offer my own. It was only when she said â€Å"bless you, child† when my act of kindness registered in my consciousness. I felt that such a reflex was a major part of my upbringing. I was taught to do the right thing by anyone, especially those who are vulnerable. I also felt that I did the act of kindness because I felt that in the future, I too might need acts of kindness from strangers. In a way, I was hoping that I too would deserve a good turn of kindness when my time to be old and feeble would come. I babysat my friend’s toddler for a few hours while she went to a job interview. Closing in on the weekend, I got a text message from a childhood friend, who was also a single mother, asking me to babysit her 2 year old daughter because she had a job interview. My friend explained that her babysitter unexpectedly came down with the flu and was unable to babysit her child. I knew the job interview was very much important to her because the burden of supporting her daughter was solely in her hands. Although I was supposed to meet up with friends at about the same time my friend issued here request, I knew that she really needed my help then. So, I said yes. I babysat her child for two hours. I basically played with her and entertained her. It was a task I was familiar with because I often played with the child whenever I visited my friend. When my friend came back, she felt relieved that all was fine with her daughter – that the baby did not act up or cry while she was a way. I also felt good about myself for having done the act of kindness for my friend. At first, I was a little bit

The HIV and AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa Research Paper

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Celestial Women beneath a Mango Tree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Emerson and Thoreau Essay Example for Free

Emerson and Thoreau Essay Ralph Waldo Emersons American Scholar highlights three influences that affect the minds learning process. The things by which helps to educate man are nature, books, and through action. Mans mind is like nature, vast and holds many secrets to be uncovered and enjoyed. How nature unfolds is like the unfolding of the mind; what laws govern it are those created by the mind. As for books, Emerson recommends that man should only learn from them exact science and historical events. He asserts that books should be used for inspiration and read during idle times. Books should not be used as the bible of the learning man. They should not be taken to be truth, for the realities of the past may not hold true in the present. Lastly, Emerson encourages the scholar to take part in labor, service, and discourse. These activities are the manifestations of his thoughts. Without action, Emerson says that a scholar has not become fully a man. 2. During Henry David Thoreaus time, he was dissatisfied with how the government ran the country. His resistance was mainly founded on the issue of slavery, for which he was greatly opposed. As a way of expressing this criticism he wrote Civil Disobedience detailing what he thought was wrong with government and how it can be remedied. He asserts in the essay that the citizens have a duty to speak out when he sees and experiences wrong governance. He likened the government to machine without a conscience that should not be allowed to bring injustice and enslave the people. Thoreaus resistance to what he saw as injustice is not a form of treason. He felt it his duty to speak out and bring positive change to his country. He encourages citizens to take a more active role and resist the unjust dictates of a conscience-less machine. Thoreau postulates that the best government is one that does not interfere too much with its citizens.

Samoa Islands Essay Example for Free

Samoa Islands Essay Samoa is a group of islands located in the south pacific, approximately halfway between New Zealand and Hawaii. It consists of two main islands, Upolu and Savaii. Samoa is well-known for its natural beauty and landscape. Samoa is very much a tourist destination. Tourists are attracted to the strong commitment to sport, Samoan cuisine, Samoan lifestyle, natural attractions, and traditional aspects such as tattooing and ceremonial occasions. Although, on the contrary, Samoa has big disadvantages for being located in the pacific region as natural disasters are a reoccurrence in its history. The most recent being the 2009 Tsunami, killing approximately 200 people. The Samoan reputation has also recently become corrupted because of unsettling between Samoans and Tongans. Although this is news to Australians, this conflict between Samoa and Tonga has a long history behind it. Religion Samoa is mostly a Christian country. The law is very much based on Christian ethics and churches are located in every village. The most common denominations are EFKS, Mormonism, Catholicism and Assembly of God. Only recently are modern churches such as Pentecostal Christian churches and even Muslim. Religion is very much apart of Samoan culture, and practiced within the family unit. Sport Samoans enjoy lots of sports, for example popular sports include volley ball, touch footy, cricket and rugby union. Samoans have had teams compete in the Commonwealth Games; they have won gold medals for weightlifting and bronze medal in athletics. Samoans also have a successful national rugby team, Manu Samoa, who won the Rugby Sevens last year. Tattoos The traditional Samoan tattooing is called the pe’a, the body tattoo. Originally, the pe’a was only tattooed on those Samoans with a ‘matai’ title, which is a chief role where they are named representatives of their families or villages. So the ‘matai’ title was traditionally extremely respected within the Samoan culture.

Traits of a Leader

Traits of a Leader Leaders do not command excellence, they build excellence. Excellence is being all you can be within the bounds of doing what is right for your organization. To reach excellence you must first be a leader of good character. You must do everything you are supposed to do. Organizations will not achieve excellence by figuring out where it wants to go, then having leaders do whatever they have to in order to get the job done, and then hope their leaders acted with good character. This type of thinking is backwards. Pursuing excellence should not be confused with accomplishing a job or task. When you do planning, you do it by backwards planning. But you do not achieve excellence by backwards planning. Excellence starts with leaders of good and strong character who engage in the entire process of leadership. And the first process is being a person of honorable personality. Character develops over time. Many think that much of a persons character is formed early in life. However, we do not know exactly how much or how early character develops. But, it is safe to claim that character does not change quickly. A persons observable behavior is an indication of her character. This behavior can be strong or weak, good or bad. A person with strong character shows drive, energy, determination, self-discipline, willpower, and nerve. She sees what she wants and goes after it. She attracts followers. On the other hand, a person with weak character shows none of these traits. She does not know what she wants. Her traits are disorganized, she vacillates and is inconsistent. She will attract no followers. A strong person can be good or bad. A gang leader is an example of a strong person with a bad character, while an outstanding community leader is one with both strong and good characteristics. An organization needs leaders with both strong and good characteristics, people who will guide them to the future and show that they can be trusted To be an effective leader, your followers must haveÂÂ  trustÂÂ  in you and they need to be sold on your vision. Korn-Ferry International, an executive search company, performed a survey on what organizations want from their leaders. The respondents said they wanted people who were bothÂÂ  ethicalÂÂ  and who convey aÂÂ  strong visionÂÂ  of the future. In any organization, a leaders actions set the pace. This behavior wins trust, loyalty, and ensures the organizations continued vitality. One of the ways to build trust is to display a good sense of character composed of beliefs, values, skills, and traits (U.S. Army Handbook, 1973): BeliefsÂÂ  are what we hold dear to us and are rooted deeply within us. They could be assumptions or convictions that you hold true regarding people, concepts, or things. They could be the beliefs about life, death, religion, what is good, what is bad, what is human nature, etc. ValuesÂÂ  are attitudes about the worth of people, concepts, or things. For example, you might value a good car, home, friendship, personal comfort, or relatives. Values are important as they influence a persons behavior to weigh the importance of alternatives. For example, you might value friends more than privacy, while others might be the opposite. SkillsÂÂ  are the knowledge and abilities that a person gains throughout life. The ability to learn a new skill varies with each individual. Some skills come almost naturally, while others come only by complete devotion to study and practice. TraitsÂÂ  are distinguishing qualities or characteristics of a person, while character is the sum total of these traits. There are hundreds of personality traits, far too many to be discussed here. Instead, we will focus on a few that are crucial for a leader. The more of these you display as a leader, the more your followers will believe and trust in you. Traits of a Good Leader Compiled by the Santa Clara University and the Tom Peters Group: Honest ÂÂ  Display sincerity, integrity, and candor in all your actions. Deceptive behavior will not inspire trust. Competent ÂÂ  Base your actions on reason and moral principles. Do not make decisions based on childlike emotional desires or feelings. Forward-looking ÂÂ  Set goals and have a vision of the future. The vision must be owned throughout the organization. Effective leaders envision what they want and how to get it. They habitually pick priorities stemming from their basic values. Inspiring ÂÂ  Display confidence in all that you do. By showing endurance in mental, physical, and spiritual stamina, you will inspire others to reach for new heights. Take charge when necessary. Intelligent ÂÂ  Read, study, and seek challenging assignments. Fair-minded ÂÂ  Show fair treatment to all people. Prejudice is the enemy of justice. Display empathy by being sensitive to the feelings, values, interests, and well-being of others. Broad-minded ÂÂ  Seek out diversity. Courageous ÂÂ  Have the perseverance to accomplish a goal, regardless of the seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Display a confident calmness when under stress. Straightforward -ÂÂ  Use sound judgment to make a good decisions at the right time. Imaginative ÂÂ  Make timely and appropriate changes in your thinking, plans, and methods. Show creativity by thinking of new and better goals, ideas, and solutions to problems. Be innovative! Perspectives of Character and Traits Traits (acronym JJ did tie buckle) Justice Judgment Dependability Initiative Decisiveness Tact Integrity Enthusiasm Bearing Unselfishness Courage Knowledge Loyalty Endurance Are managers leaders? Are leaders managers? Managers need to be leaders.ÂÂ  .ÂÂ  . their workers need vision and guidance! On the other hand, leaders need to be good managers of the resources entrusted to them. A leader is a dealer in hope.ÂÂ   Napoleon BonaparteÂÂ   When leaders are chosen, everyone wants them to live up to their expectations. A lot of hopes are pinned on them to bring about change and reform, for the betterment of the field they belong to. But what exactly goes into the making of a good leader? There are many things that determine if a leader will be good or not, the most important being his/her characteristics. Some of the characteristics of a good leader are acquired throughÂÂ  leadership training, development and experience while the others are in born. Those leaders who have in born traits of good leadership are usually the ones who assert successful leadership. Not much can be done to make a good leader, it is always easier ifÂÂ  effective leadershipÂÂ  comes naturally to him/her. Since there are so manyÂÂ  leadership rolesÂÂ  that they are expected to carry out, it is essential for them to display, if not all, at least a few characteristics of good leaders. Characteristics of a Good Leader Whether it isÂÂ  team leadership,ÂÂ  corporate leadershipÂÂ  orÂÂ  global leadership, the basic traits of a good leader remain common. Additional positive characteristics may be required, depending upon their field of work. Here are some of the characteristics of a good leader. Self Leadership: This is probably the most important characteristic of a good leader. It asserts that only when a leader leads himself towards excellence, will he be able to lead his followers on the same path.ÂÂ   Personal Leadership: This is aÂÂ  that is commonly observed in good leaders. Personal leadership enables them to take charge of their lives and instill the same desire in their followers. It is a motivational leadership trait, that all leaders must have or strive to acquire.HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/leadership-qualities/ÂÂ   Confidence: Believing in their own abilities is an essential trait of a good leader. Unless and until he has confidence in his abilities he will not be able to lead effectively. Character: A leaders character plays a vital role in determining the effectiveness of hisHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/leadership-qualities/ÂÂ  HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/leadership/leadership. Trustworthiness and honesty are the two important aspects of a leaders character. Even a slight flaw in his character will lead to the followers, not believing in his ways. Therefore, he should follow all the setÂÂ  leadership principles. Communication: Effective communication is a vitalÂÂ  leadership traitÂÂ  of a good leader. He should be able to put across what needs to be done and how. At the same time, he should be willing to accept relevant suggestions from his subordinates. He should have the ability to listen, question, analyze and observe effectively. He should believes that actions speak louder than words. Knowledge: Being highly knowledgeable about his field of work is an essential characteristic of a good leader. Only when he himself is thorough with his field of work, will he be able to guide, solve problems and queries and train his subordinates appropriately. This is also a quality required for leadership development. Respect: A good leader does not demand or command respect, he earns it. Respect should not be restricted only from the followers to the leader, it needs to be mutual. All team players should be respected and if the leader sets an example for this, the team will follow undoubtedly. This could be a vital characteristic of a strong leader.ÂÂ   Vision: Being a good leader requires that the person is able to think, considering the future and giving it equal importance as the present. He should be able to successfully convince his followers and make them understand the need for change, which will ultimately result in the achievement of their common goals. Attitude: Sporting a positive attitude, even in the worst of situations is a characteristic of a good leader. He should be able to instill the same in his followers, by appropriate motivation and problem solving techniques. The attitude of a leader is an important determinant in the successful overcoming ofÂÂ  leadership challenges. Strategic Leadership: This is an important aspect ofÂÂ  andHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/leadership-activities/ÂÂ  HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/leadership-skills/leadership skills. This includes planning and organizing of team activities, allotment of tasks and responsibilities, effective time management, etc. And most importantly, to make a good leader, it is necessary to be passionate towards the work he does. His team should have a zeal towards the achievement of their goals.ÂÂ   The above mentioned traits of a good leader, can be acquired through variousÂÂ  leadership books, that talk about various aspects of good leadership likeÂÂ  transformational leadership,ÂÂ  leadership models, leadership strategies and differentÂÂ  leadership styles. There are also a number ofÂÂ  leadership programsÂÂ  andÂÂ  leadership courses, that can help train potential leaders in acquiring some of the characteristics of a good leader. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadchr.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/characteristics-of-a-good-leader.html Question 2 4 Qualities of Highly Successful People What if you can be, do or have anything you want, what would you desire in your life? Now do you believe it can happen? Yes? No? In the words of Henry Ford, If you think you can do a thing or think you cant do a thing, youre right. Well then what actually happens for those people who do seem to get everything they desire? Lets take a closer look. For one,ÂÂ  they know what they want. They do not give up when what they want does not happen. They keep moving forward. Everything they do is a success, because they dont see the results they are getting as failure. They are more educated and know what works and what doesnt. They press on! They are focused. If you have ever seen any professional sports players you know what focused people look like. Take a football player for example. I will use a line backer for this example. A line backer has to know where the runner is going and he has got to make split decisions as to what he is going to do. He is not thinking about what he is going to eat for dinner, he is not thinking about what his kids are doing, or what his next vacation is going to be. No, he is thinking about reading the runner and getting to the point where the runner is going to be and tackling him. What are you thinking about throughout the day? What do you think 30 days of focus would do for you in accomplishing your goal? I think it could have a huge impact. They know how to separate what is and what is not important. We have so many decisions to make everyday. We sometimes lose track of what day it is because of the number of things that we think about everyday. How many times have you started to work on something, and then you get a call from a friend to go out for lunch. You know you need to finish what you are doing. However, you find yourself saying, well, I have not seen my friend in two weeks, but I need to get this done. You then decide to go out to lunch with your friend and end up spending more time at lunch than you wanted. So now you are behind and have to stay back late in office and miss your childs game. When you are able to separate what is important from what is not, you will find yourself accomplishing your goals a lot faster, and find yourself doing more of what you want to do rather than things you have to do. They are committed. When it takes more than six months to accomplish a goal, people who are committed will stay the course to the very end. Most people want their goals accomplished in a week. Yes, there are short term goals; however, I am talking about long term goals. When you have a long term goal it can get a little overwhelming when things dont seem to be moving as fast as you would like. However, taking the time to see the big picture will help you stay focused and keep you motivated. Whatever goal you are looking to accomplish, take these 4 qualities and incorporate them into your action plan. If you have found yourself starting something and never finishing it, look into getting aÂÂ  coach, orÂÂ  mentorÂÂ  to help you stay on course.

The Chamber Essays -- essays research papers

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Chamber starts off with Sam Cayhall and Rollie Wedge planting a bomb in Marvin Kramer’s office. Marvin’s is a Jewish activist leader during the civil rights movement, and both Sam and Rollie are members of the Ku Klux Klan. The bomb goes off, killing both of Marvin’s young children and leaving Marvin as an amputee. The bomb’s publicity destroys the small town of Greenville, Mississippi. Time goes on towards Adam Hall, Sam’s grandson. Adam’s father kills himself in 1980 when he was only 16. This leaves a big void in Adam’s life and creates a hunger for family in his life. However, he goes on to study law at Harvard following his undergraduate degree from Michigan. Adam begs his firm, Kravitz and Bane, to let him take on his grandfather’s case as a pro-bono case. The firm reluctantly lets him because they believe that it will create positive publicity for their firm. Adam goes to live with his best friend, his Aunt Lee in Memphis. Adam then meets his notorious grandfather, Sam Cayhall, on death row. Adam discovers how wretched and mean Sam is, but still is determined to save his life. Along the way Adam meets friends and various enemies. He meets a friend in: Sergeant Packer, Nora Stark, and Garner Goodman. He meets enemies in: Lucas Mann, Governor McAllister, and Colonel Nugent. Adam berates Sam with questions trying to discover new evidence on the case to help his appeals. His Aunt Lee helps by telling family secrets and past stories tha...

My Educational Philosophy Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching Te

My Educational Philosophy I can remember as a child being in the classroom scared to death! I remember being the little kid in the back that was scared to raise my hand, in fear of having the wrong answer. I can remember how my hands trembled when it was my turn to go to the board and work out a problem in front of the class, terrified that everyone would laugh at me. These are feelings that I never want a child in my classroom to experience. I have a strong desire of becoming an early childhood special education teacher. I want to be the one that will teach a child that my be a slow learner or has special needs how to not be afraid and to learn, because learning is fun! I want my classroom to be a comfortable and relaxed environment where children can be themselves and lea...

The Eyes of the Dragon Essays -- essays research papers

â€Å"A kingdom is in turmoil as the old King Roland dies and its worthy successor, Prince Peter, must do battle to claim what is rightly his. Plotting against him is the evil Flagg and his pawn, young Prince Thomas. Yet with every plan there are holes – like Thomas’s terrible secret. And the determined Prince Peter, who is planning a daring escape from his imprisonment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (very first page)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sequence of events that occur in the plot go like this: Two sons are born from Queen Sasha and King Roland, Prince Peter then Prince Thomas. Fearing that the Queen Sasha would ruin his plans, Flagg, the several hundred years old magician and royal advisor succeeded in deposing of her when Peter is only five. Eleven years later, after Peter served the King his nightly glass of vine, Flagg came in and killed Roland by offering him a second glass of wine that was poison. Peter was found guilty of the murder, as Flagg had planned, and was sentenced to life imprisonment atop a tower called the Needle by Anders Peyna, the Judge-General. Peter would spend a good five years in the Needle until he decides to make a successful escape, only to encounter Flagg for a final confrontation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas, one of the main characters, is a particularly interesting character for several reasons. First the narrator, portrayed as a storyteller, describes Thomas as the weak, vulnerable, sad, confused, lonely younger brother of Prince Peter, who was the heir of...

Capital Budgeing Case Study Essay

There are at least six capital budgeting tools a firm can use in analyzing a capital expenditure. They are: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index (PI), payback period (PB), discounted payback period (DRP), and modified internal rate of return (MIRR). This case study will focus mainly on NPV and IRR, in addition to the remaining four capital budgeting tools. Net Present Value (NPV) The NPV of an investment proposal for a project is the same as the† present value of its annual free cash flows less the investment’s initial outlay† (Keown, Martin & Petty, p. 310, 2014). Before calculating the NPV you must first forecast the projected revenue for the life of the project to obtain the net cash flow figures. This involves accountants and analysts crunching numbers based on many factors such as the economy, supply and demand, competition, and how the company plans on carrying out the project (University of Phoenix, 2013). NPV looks at the present value of the benefits minus the present value of the costs. You also need a discount rate; it is normally the cost of capital. The cost of capital is used because a firm wants the project to at a minimum make more than what capital is now costing the firm to run its business. The rule for NPV is if the value is greater than or equal to zero the project is accepted (Keown, Martin & Petty, p. 310, 2014). After completing a five year projected income statement and a five year projected cash flow from the capital budgeting case study for corporation A and B, this information was used to calculate the NPV for each corporation. Corporation A’s NPV= $2,025 and B’s is NPV= $3,293. Both NPV’s are equal or greater than zero so both projects are a go, but corporation B has a greater NPV, making it a better choice if based on NPV alone (University of Phoenix, 2013). Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

Korean “Comfort Women” of Wwii Essay

Use curiosity to enquire ch ei on that pointnging forelands about what appear as normal, e actuallyday banalities in localise to settle and understand make visible the hide informal practice activitying of the practice and theorizing of international transaction Cynthia EnloeIn times of armed skirmish, wo hands argon roughly susceptible to craze and silencing by means of the inhabitledgeableization, dehumanization, and blottization of their identities. Janie Leatherman highlights this point when stating knowledgeable practice based fury often intensifies and becomes more extreme in a crisis, even escalating into a animal of contend (4). This is inevitable in a ancient hostel where hegemonic mascu gillyf depressive dis regulariseer set construct gender norms and gender expectations. intimate delirium during armed conflict does non develop in isolation from the parliamentary laws preexist socio scotch and culturally shaped gender dealingships.Furthermor e, the antique nature of a society does non break a coun rating al unitary and just(a) in creating injustices, such(prenominal) as intimate craze, against wo hands during and by and by armed conflict in that location must be a cloth that embraces the realities, contradictions, and intersections of various global dealings of part (Kempadoo, 29). These intersections include the traffichips among gender, race, class, cultural, and sociable ideologies. In my paper, I take on Cynthia Enloes challenge of using an enquiring, gendered lens of the eye to explore the silencing of women during and after war by examining the case of the Korean harbor women of human race state of war II. I give decompose how the intersection of prevailing well-disposed determinants and ideologies cast off regulated and continued the rule and, thus, the invisibleness of the Korean puff women during and in the event of ball war II.Literature Review & search MethodologyYoshiaki Yosh imis puff Women familiar thrall in the Nipponese force during founding War II, Marg atomic number 18t Stetzs Legacies of the cling to Women of land War II, as considerably as Toshiyuki Tanakas Hidden Horrors Nipponese War Crimes in creation War II were mainly used passim my research to gather the testimonies of surviving Korean shelter women. All three books touch a comprehensive look into the phenomenon of the Nipponese sol be achery simpleness women trunk with historic behindground and an abundance of testimonies and documentation of the Korean solacement women. Because my research focuses on the silencing of Korean solace women during and in the aftermath of World War II, these oral histories provide life-and-death back uping evidence through and throughout my paper. excessively two testimonies by one Nipponese spend and one japanese troops doctor, testimonies by different Nipponese soldiers and judicature officials that urinate acknowledged the exi stence of the cherish women ranges were difficult to find.Therefore, throughout these testimonies, I specifically looked for patterns that attained evidence of Nipponese gender hierarchies through the diction and accounts that imply n azoic(a)(prenominal) dehumanization and objectification imparted by Nipponese soldiers. To suss out the determinants that had cultivated the Japanese drag shoot for musical arrangement and, more Copernicanly, the targeting of Korean women for the dust, I specifically used Cynthia Enloes Maneuvers The hostile Politics of Militarizing Womens Lives as salutary as Janie Leathermans finishual force and gird Conflict. Both authors give insights and analyses of the causes and consequences of inner strength during armed conflict.They two accentuate the interplay of patriarchal transcriptions, gender constructions/norms, and political/economic/cultural structures as large contri thators. In addition to these specific determinants, I hold back Sara Ahmeds analysis to sexual violence by considering the cultural intersections between gender, race, and colonialism in my analytical approach (138). By applying and intertwining the critical approaches of Enloe, Leatherman, and Ahmed, I am able to withdraw the multifaceted, tho intersecting institutions and ideologies that had fabricated the invisibility of and the rationale for the Korean pull women. mise en scene of the Japanese still StationsThe euphemism solacement women was the pick up assigned to thousands of women mainly Korean exactly excessively Burmese, Chinese, Dutch, Eurasians, Indians, Indonesian, Filipina, and Taiwanese who were coerce into the Japanese soothe station sy kibosh (Japans phalanx controlled whore houses or brothels) throughout World War II (Yoshimi). These so called repose place were far-off from nurtureing. The conditions of the physiological spaces make believe been described as barrack- standardized facilities, rudiment ary tents, or shacks (Yoshimi, 25). One Japanese phalanx doctor has testified that the women were treated like fe mannish ammunition and that their dehumanized bodies were reduced to the likes of popular toilets (Wantabe, 20). The testimony of Hwang Kum-Ju, one of the first Korean powderpuff women to testify in public, exclusively reveals a glimpse of the sufferings she and fel disordered repose women had to endure There were so well-nigh(prenominal) soldiers. Sometimes, we had to do it with twenty to thirty soldiers a day. I think ours was the except when harbor station in that argona, and soldiers and officers came whenever they had some renounce moments. high-ups came freely, and at night we usually slept with officers. Women who assure venereal diseases were simply left to die or shot. Anyone resisting the advances was beaten (Kim, 97). pouf women were subjected to dislodge(a) rapes, sexual diseases, torture, murder, and other forms of mental, physical, and sexua l violence. The alleviate stations were created during World War II as a solution to the aftermath of the Japanese armed serve ups committing mass murders and rapes as they moved across mainland Asia. The catalyst for the cosmea of the easiness system was the virtually notorious massacre kn confess as the The mishandle of Nanking in which the whole village of Nanking was dispatch after the Japanese soldiers raped near 20,000 village women. Because this particular massacre caused such an outcry in the international press, emperor Hirohito of Japan ordered the creation and authoritative expansion of the solacement stations. However, the purpose for which these nourish stations were created was not out of meet for the safety of local women of in the territories in which the Japanese soldiers were stationed.Naoai Murata, the Defense Agency handler of the Secretariat in 1992, claimed that they were created in order to maintain order and to ease the anti-Japanese notion ar oused by the Japanese soldiers deeds (Schmidt, 88). This would restore the design of the purple Army by unaired and concealing rape and sexual violence to host controlled facilities. Additionally, as the war progressed, these solace stations transformed into spaces that provided opportunities for the Japanese soldiers to maintain sex as a mean of relaxation and pouf, a boost for morale, a space to assert their potentness, to relieve the assay and panic of combat, and an outlet from strict multitude discipline (Yoshimi, 53).The following interview of one Japanese soldier highlights the mental find out and impressiveness of the reposeableness women to the Japanese soldiers scour though we had just returned from lengthy military operations at the front, the thought of having sex made us leave right off for the treasure women. When we arrived at where the women were, soldiers took their place in line and mulled everyplace life and death turn postponement for the ir turn. There was nothing else like the supreme feeling of completeness that the soldiers deliverd when good-natured in sex with the women. This was the that way for them to whole-heartedly escape from their abnormal existence (Yoshimi, 54-55). The advocacy and rationale for the comfort women system reveal the dependency of the military on women. The comfort women system was considered an important element for the war efforts, even if only temporary.Why Korean Comfort Women?Approximately 80% of the 100,000 to 200,000 comfort women were Korean with ages ranging from 13 to mid-20s (Yoshimi, 67). The question that can be elucidated from this statistic is simple wherefore were the mass of the comfort women Korean? The exercise to this question can be answered with the military usually does not need or want- all women to provide all these militarize assistances. Rather, political sympathies officials have essential women of some classes and some races and some ages to serve some of these flows (Enloe 2000, 44). Furthermore, in order to hike up nail the determinants to why this marginalized group was targeted, there call for to be an engagement with the interplay of global relations of power around gender, race, nationality, and the economy (Kempadoo, 29). These implicit in(p) intertwining ideologies and institutions that have contributed to the explicit targeting of Korean women for the Japanese comfort stations need to be explored.Racial Ideologies RacismThe excessive wont of Korean women for the Japanese comfort system is directly linked to the elements of racism. This phenomenon can be analyzed by the intertwined relationship between colonialism, race, tenderly constructed gender ideologies. As Sara Ahmed emphasizes, a consideration of cultural intersections between gender, race, and colonialism is important for two main reasons. First it demands that womens lib reject any approach,which isolates the production of gender from race and colo nialism. As a result, it requires us to consider how certain feminisms may themselves function as part of the colonialist culture (138). With this frame process in mind, it can be elucidated that the targeting of Korean women stems from the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 from which Korea became a protectorate of Japan and later officially colonized in 1910. Despite the fact that Korea had become a colony under Japans rule, the Japanese government and societys sentiment dictated that the Korean creation was cool it considered to be racially inferior (Tanaka, 96). magic spell exploiting and objectifying Korean women, the Japanese military did not see it appropriate to exploit their experience women to the same extent Japanese officials believed international laws were not relevant to Japans colonies, and this, combined with the picture in the superiority of Japanese women and the suitability of women of other races for prostitution, cemented to use Korean women from the colonie s as comfort women (Tanaka, 97) The Korean comfort women were positioned and identified as uncivilized, inferior, subjugated, and promiscuous by the Japanese manlike colonial mindset. Derogatory and sexualized words, accompanied by violence, were used against the Korean comfort women at the comfort stations as racially discriminatory identifiers of the superior and the inferior groups. These words included Ppagayor Senpino kuseni which translates to Idiot Nothing but a Korean cunt (Yoshimi, 113).Enloe explains that objectifying foreign women makes it easier for military officials to marginalize them it was far easier for commanders to post women if they could be portrayed as rootless, promiscuous, parasitic, and chiefly a drag on the militarys discipline and battle ardour (2000, 40). The images inscribed on the inferior, colonized Korean comfort women rose from the colonialist, racial, and masculine institutions. The importance of the intersection of these institutions is empha sized by Kempadoo a large number of women upon whose bodies and fatigue such constructions of manfulness depend are of nations, races, and ethnicities other than those of men is a reality that cannot be neglected or ignore (31). These constructions of the Korean comfort womens identities fabricated a justification that only naturalized the Japanese nations domination over Korean through the Korean comfort women.Gender Ideologies Sexualized Femininity/Militarized masculinity During World War II, the prominently patriarchal nature of the Japanese society reestablished the preexisting gendered, dichotomous construction of sexual practice for both men and women in which the degree of masculinity of soldiers was greatly dependent on the comfort women. Cynthia Enloe highlights this notion by recognizing that the women were one of the strengths, which keep the military organization (Enloe 1988, 187). Enloe draws attention to this dependency by stating the military needs women as the gender women to provide men with masculinity reinforcing incentives to endure all the hardships of pass (Enloe 1988, 214). During World War II, within the Japanese military, there were accessiblely constructed forms of masculinity and femininity that were built by the onset of war and the military. The service of and dependency on the objectified womens bole stems from what Carole Vance explains to be social constructions of gender and sexuality, not as natural and unchanging biologicly determined notions of gender and sexuality. Socially constructed gender roles have shaped sexuality as a form of power (Mackinnon, 2).Catherine Mackinnon further describes these powerful gender roles the social bes we know as man and cleaning woman are bound by social requirements of heterosexuality, which institutionalizes phallic sexual domination and female sexual submission The womans indistinguishability becomes inexplicably attached to her sexuality, becoming that which is most of her own, yet is most interpreted away (Tong, 111). sexual practice becomes distorted into an ideal of sexuality that reduces women to sexual objects while placing men as the dominating, sexual subject. The highly hierarchical gender system of Japan during World War II fostered an inequality between men and women in which men create the demand and women are the supply (Hughes, 11). The objectification of the Korean women was necessary for the mobilization of men. (Enloe 2000). During times of war, the ideologies of masculinity that their love and keep can only be met by worldness masculine, powerful, and ultimately scarlet are fuelled (Kokopeli, 233). This is because the military as a social institution is constructed by ideals of male sexuality.The sexualization of the female body aids the military in the marginalization of women as it depicts women as objects and tools for the soldiers sexual merriment. Vance states that all social construction approaches adopt the view that phy sically identical sexual acts may have varying social significance and infixed meaning depends on how they are defined and understood in different cultures and historical periods (29). Militarized masculinities are sexualized in violent forms, which was clearly the case among the Japanese soldiers. The socially constructed maidenlike identity operator at the time was one of which sexuality was plainly intentional to service someone men and male defined institutions. This explanation creates a groundwork for the upheld rigid distinctions between masculine and womanish ideals in the Japanese society during World War II. For the Japanese male soldiers, the militarized masculine model of sexuality bodily notions of dominance, destruction, aggression, and sexual conquest. On the other hand, the Korean comfort women subjected to this patriarchal society were merely reduced to submissive, obedient, and sexual tools.Enloe likewise argues that wartime sexual violence provides ma sculinity-reinforcing incentives to endure all the hardships of soldiering (1988, 214). The practice of going to the comfort stations to have sex with the comfort women became a routine for the Japanese soldiers the women were seen as a necessary evil (Tanaka, 67). Whereas on the battlefield, the Japanese soldiers had little control, having sex with women against their will gave the men the masculine power of dominance and self-assertion. In battle, Japanese soldiers were merely seen as military ammunition for combat, but they were able to fortify their own masculine subjectivity and function through the sexual objectification of Korean comfort women.This can be comprehended through the account of one Korean comfort woman, Yi Sunok There were many times when I was almost obliterateed. If I refused to do what one man asked, he would come back drunk and panicen me with his sword. Others simply arrived drunk, and had carnal knowledge with their swords stuck in the tatami. This le ft the tatami scarred, but this crystalise of behavior was more of a threat to make me accede to their desires and give them blessedness (Tanaka, 56). The Korean comfort women provided an environment where the men could reinforce militarized masculine at the expense of the womens dehumanization as well as their mental and physical health. The Korean comfort women not only suffered enforced sex, but sex routinely accompanied by routine violence and torture.Although the comfort women station system was fricative throughout World War II, it was rationalized by socially constructed, yet biologicly justified, notions of male sexuality. Vance would call this justification as biological determinism, which is the imprint that biology determines fundamentally all behavior and actions. The belief that the comfort women were needed because of the male Japanese soldiers biologically determined, intractable sexual needs can be comprehend in the secret penning by a psychiatrist of the Kon odai army hospital in 1939 The army government activity established comfort stationsbecause they fictitious that it was impossible to suppress the sexual nerve impulse of soldiers.The main purposes of setting up comfort facilities were to relieve soldiers of casual stresses by braggy them a sense of sexual satisfaction and to prevent rapes which would damage the reputation of the gallant army from happening (Yoshimi, 1992, 228). This understanding of male sexuality inadvertently reduces the rationale for the comfort station system to a biological one. It justifies the creation of the comfort women system as unavoidable and inevitable as though there was no other solution. The biological determinism argument is a legitimizing tool for it positions this constructed masculinity as outside of human control. The image of uncontrollable military male sexuality rooted in the nature rationale only suspends moral and legal restrains on the comfort women system while perpetuating and c onfirming the womens objectified, subordinate position. Socioeconomic StatusThe majority of the Korean women that were targeted in the comfort station system were from a low socioeconomic class. Hughes reiterates this point by pointing out that scratchers of areas in the sex industry take proceeds of poverty, unemployment and a desire to emigrate to recruit and traffic women into the sex industry (11). Hughes also includes a report from the Womens nongovernmental organization which states, economic hard times has protract to a depression of womens psychological state with a loss of self esteem and hope for the future. Women accept unconvert offers of employment in unskilled jobs at high salaries with the resignation that it cannot be worse than their exhibit lives. Recruiters for the sex industry target the most economically depresses areas (12). The Korean women of low economic status and class were open to the deceitful recruitment methods of the Japanese. Forexample, the Korean population in the Japanese colonized territories was very poor during World War II because Japan had taken any on tap(predicate) means of production of food and clothes for the war effort (Argibay, 378).This left most of the young Korean women and girls living in poverty and starting menial labor at a very early age in order to support their families. Recruiters would encourage compliance by convincing the women that they would obtain high paid jobs as seamstresses and nurses or workings in a hospital or a grind (Stetz, 10). One comfort women named Suntok Kim recalls that when she was universe recruited, the prospects of being a comfort woman for the Japanese seemed promising because she came from a poor family and had no education. Working in a grind was far better than her current working and living conditions (Stetz, 10). Furthermore, the U.S. Office of War dubiousness Report No. 49 reports that when being recruited Korean women assumed that comfort service consisted of visiting wounded soldiers and generally fashioning the soldiers happy, and that many Korean women enlisted on the hind end of these misrepresentations (Arigbay, 378)Another means of recruitment that targeted Koreans of low socioeconomic class was through the method of debt bondage, indenturing the Korean comfort women to the Japanese military. economically destitute rural families were deceived into thinking that they had a choice of whether or not to sell their daughters to the Japanese military however, in reality, they were being coerced with violence and had no agency in this matter. umteen reports have indicated that families who refused to sell their daughters were killed and girls taken to the Japanese military bases after. The Japanese would also threaten to destroy the whole village, kill the elders and children and commit other violent measures (Arigbay, 278). many another(prenominal) Korean comfort women did not have the agency, autonomy, or the economic option to rival Japanese forces. Offering a remuneration was simply a customary machination by the Japanese military to justify their methods in taking these powerless Korean women.Continuum of Injustice & Invisibility in the washStigmatization Cultural & Social InstitutionsIn the aftermath of World War II, the experiences of the comfort women were tranquilized for approximately 50 years. This silence was finally broken in the early 1990s when the emergence was brought to light as motive comfort women began to release their testimonies to the public. When this telephone number began to gain public attention, the Japanese government immediately declared that the comfort women system did not exist in the Japanese military and thus there could be no question of any excuse, memorial, or disclosures by the Japanese government (Uncomfortable Truths).To this day, comfort women are still waiting for an apology for the violation of their human rights and for the objectification of their bodie s and identities from the Japanese government. Many grassroots organizations and feminist groups have been created since the early 1990s to draw attention to issue of the comfort women. These include the Korean interrogation Institute for Chongsindae and the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Sexual thralldom by Japan. Since the early 1990s over one hundred women in southwest Korea have registered with the Korean government as former comfort women (Kim, 74).However, despite these efforts, the desolate question of why the surviving Korean comfort women were silenced for so long still stay ons. The surviving women have not only suffered from mental and physical injuries, but also had to suffer from additional social injuries. Many of the surviving Korean comfort women have had to live a bladetized and stray life as they tried to fool back into the communities. They were condemned to live out their lives as social, pariahs, shunned by their families, tortured by smirch a nd illness, some sent mad by their ordealsome committed suicide, others became huffy (Askin, 13). This stigmatization can be attributed to the Confucian societies in Korea for the Korean comfort women were products of this culture. The Confucian definition of the traditional feminine identity highlights docility and emphasizes chastity as a womans most important fair play (Stetz, 13).As Iris Chang reiterates Asian Confucianism-particularly Korean Confucianism- upheld female purity as a virtue greater than life and perpetuated the belief that any woman who could live through such a degrading experience and not commit suicide was herself an abuse to society This cultural ideology demanded that unmarried women must be virgins and blamed the women for not being able to prevent any forms of sexual violation (53). With high moral order attached to chastity and purity, the comfort women ever emerged from their wartime experiences defiled, yet unable to accuse their abusers (Askin, 25). The fear of isolation and stigma from their defilement only silenced them, leaving these sexual atrocities in the dark for 50 years. The internalization of this feminine identity caused Korean comfort women to overlook self-respect, to live in dishearten, and ultimately perpetuate their own stigmatization.Furthermore, the social stigma and shame attached to rape and sex were fostered by Korean society and the Korean comfort womens own families. Patty Kelly explains this stigma as a blemish of individual character that the women cannot escapethe stigmatized person is perceived as possessing weak will, unnatural passions, and perfidious beliefs (192). The stigma of rape and sex be has implications on community, family, and responsibility. Kelly asserts that stigma associated with sex work circumscribes ones social relationscauses fear and shamecreates inauthenticity in daily life (194). Keith Howard describes the lives that the surviving Korean comfort women had to endure in their communities When they returned to Koreathey were neither flock nor chaste. They were not exemplary women.The families of the comfort women feared the proscription they would suffer if the shameful quondam(prenominal) were detect the women became an extra burden, and there was little chance to marry them off (7). This social stigma and discrimination oppressed the surviving Korean comfort women. As Kelly points out, social relations with the family were tainted. Some of the Korean comfort women were seen as a disgrace to their family by their own family and by the rest of society. One Korean comfort woman by the name of Tokchin Kim has revealed that the honor of her family and the relationship with her family hindered her from publicizing her experience, which only allowed the comfort station system to remain invisible. Tokchin Kim had tried to register at the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual slavery by Japan as a former comfort woman. However, her nephew expressed You will only bring trouble on your family and your children will be traumatized (Yoshimi, 49). Because of the stigmatization, humiliation, and disgrace that inevitably arose from their past as comfort women, the Korean comfort womens experiences had unjustly remained hidden for an unjustified amount of time.ConclusionThe Japanese comfort stations during World War II completely disregarded comfort womens rights and silenced their past as a product of the rationale for the system. Leatherman explicates that the silences and justifications undergirded the economic, social, cultural, and political power structures of patriarchy. Patriarchy is a hierarchal social order centered on rife or hegemonic forms of masculinity (4). The justifications and invisibility stem from the intersection of socially constructed gender, cultural, racial, and socioeconomic institutions. Comfort women have had to unjustly bear the shame, ostracism, and dishonor that should be imputed to the perp etrator of sexual violence (Askin, 31).There has been a continuum of this disregard into the present day as the Japanese government has failed to give an official apology for their wartime atrocities after 50 years of ignoring the existence of comfort women. This untiring neglect reproduces injustice and invisibility of the comfort women to this day. As of right now, there are only 63 registered Korean comfort women in South Korea waiting out their last years to be fully recognized as comfort women by the Japanese government. In order for there to be any strides in this movement, it is imperative that the social and gender hierarchies encumbering Japanese and Korean societies be deconstructed and reevaluated. Additionally, the vast gaolbreak between the value of the female and males experience and rights in the patriarchal nature of Japans society needs to be closed.BibliographyAhmed, Sara. Construction of Women And/in the Orient. Women, originator, and Resistance An opening to W omens Studies. By Tess Cosslett, Alison Easton, and Penny Summerfield. Buckingham England Open UP, 1996. 225-32. Print.Argibay, Carmen M. Sexual Slavery and the Comfort Women of World War II. Berkeley journal of worldwide Law 21.375 (n.d.) 375-89. Print.Askin, Kelly D. Comfort Women- shifty Shame and Stigma from Victims to Victimizers. International condemnable Law Review 1 (2001) 5-32. Print.Chang, Iris. The colza of Nanking. The Law of War, a Documentary History. By Leon Friedman. recent York Random House, 1972. N. pag. Print.Enloe, Cynthia H. Bananas, Beaches & Bases Making feminist Sense of International Politics. Berkeley University of California, 1988. PrintEnloe, Cynthia H. Maneuvers The International Politics of Militarizing Womens Lives. Berkeley University of California, 2000. Print.Howard, Keith, and Young Joo. Lee. true(a) Stories of the Korean Comfort Women. N.p. Cassell, 1995. Print.Hughes, Donna M. The Natasha trading The international Shadow Market of Traffic king in Women. The Natasha Trade The Transnational Shadow Market of Trafficking in Women. Journal of International Affairs, 2000. mesh. 13 Dec. 2012.Kelly, Patty. The Secrets We keep on Sex, Work, and Stigma. Lydias Open Door inside(a) Mexicos Most Modern Brothel. By Patty Kelly. Berkeley University of California, 2008. N. pag. Print.Kempadoo,. Women of Color and the Global Sex Trade Transnational feminist Perspectives. Meridians Feminism, Race, Transnationalism. indium University Press, n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.Kim, Hyun S. History and Memory The Comfort Women Controversy. Positions East Asia Cultures Critique 5.1 (1997) 73-108. Print.Kokopeli, Bruce, and George Lakey. More Power Than We Want Masculine Sexuality and Violence. Reweaving the Web of Life Feminism and Nonviolence. By Pam McAllister. Philadelphia, PA New Society, 1982. N. pag. Print.Leatherman, Janie. Sexual Violence and Armed Conflict. Cambridge Polity,2011. Print.MacKinnon, Catharine A. Feminism, Marxism, Method and the State. N.p. University of Chicago, 1987. Print.Schmidt, David A. Ianfu, the Comfort Women of the Japanese Imperial Army of the Pacific War unordered Silence. Lewiston, NY Edwin Mellen, 2000. Print.Stetz, Margaret D., and Bonnie B. C. Oh. Legacies of the Comfort Women of World War II. Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, 2001. Print.Tanaka, Toshiyuki. Hidden Horrors Japanese War Crimes in World War II. Boulder, CO Westview, 1996. Print.Tong, Rosemarie. Feminist Thought A Comprehensive Introduction. Boulder, CO Westview, 1989. Print.Uncomfortable Truths. Trouble and Strife RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. What Is human Trafficking? N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.Vance, Carole S. Social Construction Theory. An Introduction to Womens Studies Gender in a Transnational World. By Inderpal Grewal and Caren Kaplan. Boston McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006. 29-32. Print.Varga, Aniko. National Bodies The Comfort Women Discourse and Its Controversies in South Korea. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 9.2 (2009) n. pag. Print.Watanabe, Kazuko. Trafficking in Womens Bodies Then and Now The turn up of Military Comfort Women Peace & deviate 20.4 (1995) 501-14. Print.Yang, Hyunah. Finding the Map of Memory affirmation of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery Survivors. Positions East Asia Cultures Critique16.1 (2008) 79-107. Print.Yoshimi, Yoshiaki, and Suzanne OBrien. Comfort Women Sexual Slavery in the Japanese Military during World War II. New York Columbia UP, 2000. Print.

Heathrow: Terminal 5

end range 5 Heathrow capital of the United Kingdom London Heathrow final 5 acoustic jump oution Scope The plans for this go through began as far behind as 1982, where there was an on-going debate as to whether the strain industry in the United Kingdom should hold out through Heathrow drome or Stansted Airport. The objective of the act was to add a fifth passenger storehouse to Heathrow to handle the touristry coming into London, also with the intentions of change magnitude the capacity of Heathrow Airport from 65 one meg million million volume per year to 97 million people per year. Plans for the grammatical social organization of closing 5 began in 1988.The parturiency was presumption a budget of under ? 4. 5 billion. The principal(prenominal) stakeholders in this operation were Willy Walsh (CEO of British Airways at the time), and Tony Douglas (CEO of baa at the time). Terminal basketball team was going to be made using the latest technology in auberge to make the drome experience very much easier for the unexclusive, and also to keep up with the jumper cable communicatedromes in the world. The public were originally very strongly debate the plans, with local people and local councils claiming it would cause to a greater extent noise pollution, air pollution and traffic congestion in their region.The first determination milestone for this throw up came in the late 1980s when architect Richard Rogers of Richard Rogers Partnership computer architecture Firm was appointed with the task of intent the expression. British Airports consent ( bleat) officially announced a proposal to complicate through building Terminal 5 at Heathrow in May of 1992. Terminal 5 had to cope with a number of needs as an airport terminal, such as retail facilities, rail terminal, multi-storey machine park, production lines etc. Project PlanThe development of Terminal 5 was an extremely time-consuming journey which started in the late 1980s when Richard Rogers Partnership was appointed with the task of designing the terminal. Planning applications were submitted in 1993, and a public enquiry was held from 1995 to 1999 to examine the every need of this upstart terminal, and every aspect of the design of the structure that was about to be introduced. Eight years after the initial provision application, the transport minister had made the decision to break planning permission on behalf of the British goernment.It was the hourlong public enquiry in UK history with ratified approachs reaching 80m pounds and contained over 700 building conditions. At the time Terminal 5 was the largest wrench throw in Europe and cost a swag 4. 2bn. sort one of the put up included numerous transcriptions of systems it contains two principal(prenominal) terminal beams, car step forward with over 4,000 spaces, major tunnelling and excavations, underground bagging system, way rail extensions, air traffic control tower, a hotel co ntaining 600 bedrooms, 60 aircraft stands, as well as wipe systems.The British Airports Authority felt they had to upgrade their airport to keep in competition with other master(prenominal) hub airports. Construction of the invent went underway in the spend of two hundred2 and was originally a five year plan. Five key stages were identified in the construction of Heathrow Terminal 5 * Site Preparation & Enabling plant life * Ground Works * Major Structures * Fit reveal Site Preparation and Enabling Works A major archaeology excavation took place on the Terminal 5 post, where there were over 80,000 artefacts found during the excavation.Also operations such as levelling the site, laying foundations, gigantic tunnelling to cater for the large underground luggage and line system that was to be put in place for the airport. Ground industrial plant March 2005 also saw the completion of actual alley infrastructure (internal airside roads). A new pricker road off the M25 was also completed and unresolved in April 2008 in order to improve approach to the terminal. Underground railroad tunnel connections between Heathrow pull up and Terminal 5 were finally completed in September 2004 after four and half months of tunnelling.Terminal 5 has six platforms, two of which are used for London Underground Piccadilly extension, two for the Heathrow express and the re primary(prenominal)ing two for additional extensions. The railway suffice was completed in March 2008. Major Structures Two satellite terminals were reinforced to cater for 30 million extra passengers per year. Phase 1 of building these structures would account for 27 million passengers then a further 3 million on completion of Phase 2. Phase 2 was the further construction of a second satellite terminal neighbouring to the original Terminal 5 structure and was completed in June 2005.March 2005 was a pivotal point in the construction of Terminal 5 the air traffic control tower was fully erected and stood 87 meters tall, which makes it one of the largest in Europe. Fit Out delineate elements of the fit out comprise of specific electronic systems. These electronic systems involve new check-in technology. It uses a face recognition system on arrival to reduce waiting time for boarding passengers. The service also includes the Rapid Transit System, which is a individualized people mover carriage which links people from the car park to the main Terminal 5 building.It was completed in April 2011 and then opened to the public in September 2011. The baggage handling system is the largest of its kind in Europe and it has two main integrated systems fast track and main baggage sorter. The systems were designed to handle more than 70,000 bags per day. Working equipment failure Structure Risks Capital Issues Many factors had to be taken into account upon undertaking the Heathrow Terminal 5 build. This at the time was Europes largest construction project in its history and was also the British Airport Authority ( let out) largest and most expensive project undertaken.This project would tie up much of blates working capital (4. 3 Billion). Taking up all off this was a bulky run a risk for BAA as any major cost overruns would severely break the budget and would lead to huge exposure to BAA as a association itself rendering them out of money and needing extra finance. To keep down this BAA set out a new no blame culture Construction Risks The construction site of the Terminal posed huge risks to the project as it was determined the site would be make on an area of wetlands west of the original airport.The site was previously occupied by a cloaca works and these wetlands had two main rivers running through them which would need to be relocated in order for any construction to go ahead. The two rivers The Longford River and The Duke of Northumberland River. BAA came up with a twin Rivers Diversion precis to re route these rivers operating under austere ti me constraints established from the inquiry. The scheme achieved a obliging Engineering Environmental Quality (CEEQUAL) award for maintaining soaring environmental standards and quality during design and construction.Constraint Issues Being the largest sinless standing building ever to be reinforced in Europe coupled with the fact that Heathrow had to be fully operational throughout the construction project special cranes had to be custom built in order to erect the building while not interfering with air space and possibly causation havoc amongst the airport. Many constraints were also put on the builders, workers and architects of the project from the lengthy inquiry one of the main issues being that only one access road would be allowed to service the site.This forced BAA to puddle and off site set up area where the pre fabrication was done for the project and then brought on site when needed. Costs We as a radical believe that this project was extremely good hold dear for money although it came in over budget by over 200. T2 received 3 accolades for its structure and design and scored exceptional high in areas of efficiency, cost, aesthetics and innovation. It has won these awards for its smooth operations during construction.Terminal 2 was over budget because it was seen as an investment for decades to come preferably than a quick solution for an outdated airport. Terminal 2 was a key infrastructural venture, tourism decimated since the invasion of the recess and that has had a significant impact on footprint at Dublin Airport. With its new technologies it lays the avenue for succeeding(a) prosperity and growth within the Irish tourism sector. We believe that the planning of the budget was the hassle here and not enough consideration was taken into account about unforeseen circumstances leading to the budget being hugely unrealistic.The Enabling works along with site logistics & phasing was originally budgeted at 5,925,000 further final co st turned out to be 9,135,000. The works & logistics involved diversion of utility go and the unplanned extensive reconstruction of Corbalis House a post medieval house dating backbone to the pre 1700s. REFERENCE Upon reaching our judgement that T2 was a construction success we referred back to and compared Heathrows T5. DAA managed to build and world-wide Terminal with a final cost of 609 whereas it took BAA 4. Billion to service only double the do of yearly passengers as Dublins T2. Below are nigh other stark comparisons where we believe T2 was a capacious success as they managed to spend 7 x times less than BAAs T5. - - BAA T5 - DAA T2 - FINAL COST - 5. 3 BILLION - 609 one thousand million PASSENGERS PER ANNUM - 30 MILLION - 15 MILLION - SQ METRES - 350,000 - 75,000 - grammatical construction LENGTH - 6 historic period - 3 YEARS NO. RETAIL OUTLETS - 112 - 40 Terminal 2 Terminal 2 as a project in our groups opinion was set for money, even though it came in at 200 mill ion over budget it has received 3 accolades for its structure and design and scored exceptional high in areas of efficiency, cost, aesthetics and innovation. It has won these awards for its smooth operations during construction. Terminal 2 was over budget because . t was seen as an investment for decades to come rather than a quick solution for an outdated airport. Terminal 2 was a key infrastructural venture, tourism decimated since the onset of the recession and that has had a significant impact on footfall at Dublin Airport. , with its new technologies it lays the path for future prosperity and growth within the Irish tourism sector. Bibliography * http//centrim. mis. brighton. ac. uk/research/projects/t5 * http//www. economist. com/node/4300209 * http//www. hacan. org. uk/resources/briefings/hacan. briefing. heathrow_terminal_5. pdf